Selection of Rice Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance Through Morpho-Biochemical Assessment

doi:DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60189-4

Abstract

Abstract:

The present study reported the morpho-biochemical evaluation of 15 selected rice genotypes for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Growth parameters including shoot length, root length, plant biomass, plant turgid weight, plant dry weight along with relative water content were measured after exposure to saline solution (with electrical conductivity value of 12 dS/m). Genotypes, showing significant differential responses towards salinity in the fields, were assessed through 14 salinity-linked morpho-biochemical attributes, measured at 14 d after exposure of seedling in saline nutrient solution. Relative water content, chlorophyll a/b, peroxidase activity and plant biomass were identified as potential indicators of salt tolerance. Principal component analysis and successive Hierarchical clustering using Euclidean distance revealed that Talmugur, Gheus, Ghunsi, Langalmura, Sabitapalui, and Sholerpona were promising genotypes for further breeding programmes in rice. The maximum Euclidean distance was plotted between Thavallakanan and Talmugur (7.49), followed by Thavallakanan and Langalmura (6.82), indicating these combinations may be exploited as parental lines in hybridization programmes to develop salinity tolerant variety.

Key words: chlorophyll content, electrical conductivity, Oryza sativa L., peroxidase activity, proline content, relative water content, salinity tolerance, sugar content, superoxide dismutase

Md. Nasim ALI, Bhaswati GHOSH, Saikat GANTAIT, Somsubhra CHAKRABORTY. Selection of Rice Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance Through Morpho-Biochemical Assessment[J]. RICE SCIENCE, DOI: DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60189-4 .

References

Al-Khatib M, McNeilly T, Collins J C. 1992. The potential of selection and breeding for improved salt tolerance in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Euphytica, 65(1): 43–51.
Arnon D I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol, 24(1): 1–15.
Ashraf M, Tufail M. 1995. Variation in salinity tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Agron Crop Sci, 174(5): 351–362.
Ashraf M. 2002. Salt tolerance of cotton: Some new advances. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 21(1): 1–30.
Bajaj S, Mohanty A. 2005. Recent advances in rice biotechnology-
towards genetically superior transgenic rice. Plant Biotechnol J, 3(3): 275–307.
Bates L S, Walden R P, Tears I D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil, 39(1): 205–207.
Cho Y J, Son J G, Song C H, Hwang S A, Lee Y M, Jeong S Y, Chung B Y. 2008. Integrated nutrient management for environmental-friendly rice production in salt-affected rice paddy fields of Saemangeum reclaimed land of South Korea. Paddy Water Environ, 6(3): 263–273.
Croughan T P, Stavarek S J, Rains D W. 1981. In vitro development of salt resistant plants. Environ Exp Bot, 21(3): 317–324.
Dionisio-Sese M L, Tobita J. 1998. Antioxidant response of rice seedlings to salinity stress. Plant Sci, 135(1): 1–9.
Dubois M, Gillies K A, Hamilton J K, Rebers P A, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28(3): 350–356.
Duncan D B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1): 1–42.
FAO. 2004. Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service. http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/spush.
FAO. 2008. Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service. http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/spush.
Ghosh N, Adak M K, Ghosh P D, Gupta S, Sen Gupta D S, Mandal C. 2011. Differential responses of two rice varieties to salt stress. Plant Biotechnol Rep, 5(1): 89–103.
Giannopolitis C N, Ries S K. 1977. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol, 59(2): 309–314.
Gill P K, Sharma A D, Singh P, Bhullar S S. 2003. Changes in germination, growth and soluble sugar contents of Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench seeds under various abiotic stresses. Plant Growth Regul, 40(2): 157–162.
Gopalan C, Sastri B V R, Balasubramanian S C. 1976. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research.
Gregorio G B, Senadhira D, Mendoza R D. 1997. Screening Rice for Salinity Tolerance. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 30.
Heenan D P, Lewin L G, McCaffery D W. 1988. Salinity tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages. Aust J Exp Agric, 28(3): 343–349.
Hurkman W J, Fornari C S, Tanaka C K. 1989. A comparison of the effect of salt on polypeptides and translatable mRNAs in roots of a salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivar of barley. Plant Physiol, 90(4): 1444–1456.
Jones R G W, Storey R. 1978. Salt stress and comparative physiology in the Gramineae: IV. Comparison of salt stress in Spartina × townsendii and three barley cultivars. Aust J Plant Physiol, 5(6): 839–850.
Kalir A, Omri G, Poljakoff-Mayber A. 1984. Peroxidase and catalase activity in leaves of Halimione portulacoides exposed to salinity. Physiol Plant, 62(2): 238–244.
Khan M A, Abdullah Z. 2003. Salinity-sodicity induced changes in reproductive physiology of rice (Oryza sativa) under dense soil conditions. Environ Exp Bot, 49(2): 145–157.
Khan M H, Panda S K. 2008. Alterations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars under NaCl-salinity stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 30(1): 81–89.
Khan M S A, Hamid A, Karim M A. 1997. Effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different types of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Agron Crop Sci, 179(3): 163–169.
Kumar V, Shriram V, Jawali N, Shitole M G. 2007. Differential response of indica rice genotypes to NaCl stress in relation to physiological and biochemical parameters. Arch Agron Soil Sci, 53(5): 581–592.
Lowry O H, Rosebrough N J, Farr A L, Randall R J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem, 193(1): 265–275.
Maggio A, Raimondi G, Martino A, de Pascale S. 2007. Salt stress response in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold. Environ Exp Bot, 59(3): 276–282.
Mass E V, Hoffman G J. 1977. Crop salt tolerance: Current assessment. J Irrig Drain Div, 103(2): 115–134.
Mittal R, Dubey R S. 1991. Behaviour of peroxidases in rice: Changes in enzyme activity and isoforms in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem, 29(1): 31–40.
Mittova V, Guy M, Tal M, Volokita M. 2002. Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in root plastids. Free Radic Res, 36(2): 195–202.
Munns R, Cramer G R, Ball M C. 1999. Interaction between rising CO2, soil salinity and plant growth. In: Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress. London: Academic Press: 139–167.
Murakeozy E P, Nagy Z, Duhaze C, Bouchereau A, Tuba Z. 2003. Seasonal changes in the levels of compatible osmolytes in three halophytic species of inland saline vegetation in Hungary. J Plant Physiol, 160(4): 395–401.
Nelson N. 1944. A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J Biol Chem, 153: 375–380.
Noble C L, Halloran G M, West D W. 1984. Identification and selection for salt tolerance in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Crop Pasture Sci, 35(2): 239–252.
Noble C L, Rogers M E. 1992. Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops. Plant Soil, 146(1/2): 99–107.
Pareek A, Singla S L, Grover A. 1997. Salt responsive proteins/genes in crop plants. In: Jaiwal P K, Singh R P, Gulati A. Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Higher Plants. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publication Company: 365–391.
Perez-Alfocea F, Balibrea M E, Santa Cruz A, Estan M T. 1996. Agronomical and physiological characterization of salinity tolerance in a commercial tomato hybrid. Plant Soil, 180(2): 251–257.
Petrusa L M, Winicov I. 1997. Proline status in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive alfalfa cell lines and plants in response to NaCl. Plant Physiol Biochem, 35(4): 303–310.
Popp M, Smirnoff N. 1995. Polyol accumulation and metabolism during water deficit. In: Environment and Plant Metabolism: Flexibility and Acclimation. Environmental Plant Biology. Oxford: Garland Science: 199–215.
Prabavathy V R, Mathivanan N, Murugesan K. 2006. Control of blast and sheath blight diseases of rice using antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. PM5. Biol Control, 39(3): 313–319.
Rao P S, Mishra B, Gupta S R. 2013. Effects of soil salinity and alkalinity on grain quality of tolerant, semi-tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes. Rice Sci, 20(4): 284–291.
Reddy P J, Vaidyanath K. 1986. In vitro characterization of salt stress effects and the selection of salt tolerant plants in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet, 71(5): 757–760.
Rohlf F J. 1992. NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. In: Applied Biostatistics. New York, USA: Exeter Publishing Setanket.
Roy Choudhury A, Basu S. 2008. Over expression of an abiotic stress inducible plant protein in bacteria E. coli. Afr J Plant Biotechnol, 7: 3231–3234.
Senadheera P, Tirimanne S, Maathuis F J M. 2012. Long term salinity stress reveals variety specific differences in root oxidative stress response. Rice Sci, 19(1): 36–43.
Shannon M C. 1997. Adaptation of plants to salinity. Adv Agron, 60(1): 75–120.
Shannon M C, Rhoades J D, Draper J H, Scardaci S C, Spyres M D. 1998. Assessment of salt tolerance in rice cultivars in response to salinity problems in California. Crop Sci, 38(2): 394–398.
Singla R, Garg N. 2005. Influence of salinity on growth and yield attributes in chickpea cultivars. Turk J Agric Forest, 29(4): 231–235.
Somogyi M. 1952. Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem, 195: 19–23.
Stewart G R, Lee J A. 1974. The role of proline accumulation in halophytes. Planta, 120(3): 279–281.
Thitisaksakul W P M. 2008. Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. Ind J Exp Biol, 46: 736–742.
USDA-ARS. 2008. Reserach Databases. http://www.ars.usda.gov.
Walia H, Wilson C, Zeng L, Ismail A M, Conamine P, Close T J. 2007. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of salinity stressed japonica and indica rice genotypes during panicle initiation stage. Plant Mol Biol, 63(5): 609–623.
Wise R R, Naylor A W. 1987. Chilling-enhanced photooxidation evidence for the role of singlet oxygen and superoxide in the breakdown of pigments and endogenous antioxidants. Plant Physiol, 83(2): 278–282.
Yancey P H, Clark M E, Hand S C, Bowlus R D, Somero G N. 1982. Living with water stress: Evolution of osmolyte systems. Science, 217: 1214–1222.

[1]	B. M. Lokeshkumar, S. L. Krishnamurthy, Suman Rathor, Arvinder Singh Warriach, N. M. Vinaykumar, B. M. Dushyanthakumar, Parbodh Chander Sharma. Morphophysiological Diversity and Haplotype Analysis of Saltol QTL Region in Diverse Rice Landraces for Salinity Tolerance [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(4): 306-320.
[2]	Shalini Pulipati, Suji Somasundaram, Nitika Rana, Kavitha Kumaresan, Mohamed Shafi, Peter Civáň, Gothandapani Sellamuthu, Deepa Jaganathan, Prasanna Venkatesan Ramaravi, S. Punitha, Kalaimani Raju, Shrikant S. Mantri, R. Sowdhamini, Ajay Parida, Gayatri Venkataraman. Diversity of Sodium Transporter HKT1;5 in Genus Oryza [J]. Rice Science, 2022, 29(1): 31-46.
[3]	F. Aala Jr Wilson, B. Gregorio Glenn. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Novel Salt-Tolerant Rice Germplasms from the Philippines and Bangladesh [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(3): 178-188.
[4]	Kamarul Zaman Nadzariah, Yusoff Abdullah Mohd, Othman Sariam, Kamarul Zaman Nadzirah. Growth and Physiological Performance of Aerobic and Lowland Rice as Affected by Water Stress at Selected Growth Stages [J]. Rice Science, 2018, 25(2): 82-93.
[5]	Nurdiani Dini, Widyajayantie Dwi, Nugroho Satya. OsSCE1 Encoding SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme Involves in Drought Stress Response of Oryza sativa [J]. Rice Science, 2018, 25(2): 73-81.
[6]	Swapna Simon, Samban Shylaraj Korukkanvilakath. Screening for Osmotic Stress Responses in Rice Varieties under Drought Condition [J]. Rice Science, 2017, 24(5): 253-263.
[7]	Golam Kibria Mohammad, Hossain Mahmud, Murata Yoshiyuki, Anamul Hoque Md. Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Rice Genotypes [J]. Rice Science, 2017, 24(3): 155-162.
[8]	Mamunur Rashid Md, Jahan Mahbuba, Shariful Islam Khandakar. Impact of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Brown Planthopper and Tolerance of Its Host Rice Plants [J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(3): 119-131.
[9]	ZHEN Xiao-hui, XU Jin-gang, SHEN Wei-jun, ZHANG Xiao-juan, ZHANG Qi-jun, LU Chuan-gen, CHEN Guo-xiang, GAO Zhi-ping. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaves in Rice White Stripe Mutant 6001 During Senescence Process [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2014, 21(6): 335-342.
[10]	Sucheta SHARMA, Reeti GOYAL, Upkar Singh SADANA. Selenium Accumulation and Antioxidant Status of Rice Plants Grown on Seleniferous Soil from Northwestern India [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2014, 21(6): 327-334.
[11]	P. SUREKHA RAO1, B. MISHRA1, S. R. GUPTA2. Effect of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity on Grain Quality of Tolerant, Semi-Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2013, 20(4): 284-291.
[12]	Khongsak SRIKAEO, Uttaphon PANYA. Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2013, 20(4): 292-297.
[13]	Shigeto MORITA, Shinya NAKATANI, Tomokazu KOSHIBA, Takehiro MASUMURA, Yasunari OGIHARA, Kunisuke TANAKA. Differential Expression of Two Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase and Two Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stress in Rice [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2011, 18(3): 157-166.
[14]	KONG Yu, WANG Zhong, CHEN Juan, PAN Xue-tong, LIU Da-tong, ZHANG Er-jin. Effects of Ethephon on Aerenchyma Formation in Rice Roots [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2009, 16(3): 210-216 .
[15]	SHAO Guo-sheng, CHEN Ming-xue, ZHANG Xiu-fu, XU Chun-mei, WANG Dan-ying, QIAN Qian, ZHANG Guo-ping. Cadmium Accumulation and Its Toxicity in Brittle Culm 1 (bc1), a Fragile Rice Mutant [J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2007, 14(3): 217-222 .