Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2023.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to climate change, extreme heat stress events have become more frequent, adversely affecting rice yield and grain quality. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances are essential for rice yield and grain quality. To assess the impact of high temperature stress (HTS) at the early panicle initiation (EPI) stage on the accumulation, transportation, and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen substances in various organs of rice, as well as the resulting effects on rice yield and grain quality, pot experiments were conducted using an indica rice cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD6) and a japonica rice cultivar Jinxiangyu 1 (JXY1) under both normal temperature (32 ºC / 26 ºC) and high temperature (38 ºC / 29 ºC) conditions. The results indicated that exposure to HTS at the EPI stage significantly decreased rice yield by reducing spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain weight. However, it improved the nutritional quality of rice grains by increasing protein and amylose contents. The reduction in nitrogen and dry matter accumulation accounted for the changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain size. Under HTS, the decrease in nitrogen accumulation accompanied by the reduction in dry matter may be due to the down-regulation of leaf net photosynthesis and senescence, as evidenced by the decrease in nitrogen content. Furthermore, the decrease in sink size limited the translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances to grains, which was closely related to the reduction in grain weight and the deterioration of grain quality. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of HTS on grain yield and quality formation from the perspective of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation. Further efforts are needed to improve the adaptability of rice varieties to climate change in the near future.

Key words: rice, early panicle initiation stage, high temperature stress, carbon-nitrogen translocation, grain yield, grain quality

Ji Dongling, Xiao Wenhui, Sun Zhiwei, Liu Lijun, Gu Junfei, Zhang Hao, Matthew Tom Harrison, Liu Ke, Wang Zhiqin, Wang Weilu. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 598-612.

Figures/Tables 11

References 62

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Cultivar	Treatment	Grain yield (g/pot)	Panicle number per pot	Spikelet number per panicle	Grain-filling rate (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Harvest index (%)
Yangdao 6	NT	71.4 ± 3.7 a	18.6 ± 1.2 a	164.5 ± 2.6 a	87.0 ± 0.4 a	26.8 ± 0.4 a	54.60 ± 0.03 a
	HTS	50.9 ± 2.4 b	18.2 ± 1.7 a	139.7 ± 6.7 b	76.6 ± 0.6 b	26.1 ± 0.1 b	47.00 ± 0.05 bc
Jinxiangyu 1	NT	50.6 ± 1.8 b	17.2 ± 1.2 a	134.8 ± 4.8 b	90.5 ± 0.3 a	24.1 ± 0.4 c	50.20 ± 0.02 b
	HTS	38.2 ± 3.0 c	17.0 ± 0.9 a	125.7 ± 7.3 c	77.1 ± 0.6 b	23.2 ± 0.2 d	43.90 ± 0.03 c
Analysis of variance
Cultivar (C)		**	ns	**	ns	**	*
Treatment (T)		**	ns	**	**	**	**
C × T		ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

Cultivar	Treatment	Grain yield (g/pot)	Panicle number per pot	Spikelet number per panicle	Grain-filling rate (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Harvest index (%)
Yangdao 6	NT	71.4 ± 3.7 a	18.6 ± 1.2 a	164.5 ± 2.6 a	87.0 ± 0.4 a	26.8 ± 0.4 a	54.60 ± 0.03 a
	HTS	50.9 ± 2.4 b	18.2 ± 1.7 a	139.7 ± 6.7 b	76.6 ± 0.6 b	26.1 ± 0.1 b	47.00 ± 0.05 bc
Jinxiangyu 1	NT	50.6 ± 1.8 b	17.2 ± 1.2 a	134.8 ± 4.8 b	90.5 ± 0.3 a	24.1 ± 0.4 c	50.20 ± 0.02 b
	HTS	38.2 ± 3.0 c	17.0 ± 0.9 a	125.7 ± 7.3 c	77.1 ± 0.6 b	23.2 ± 0.2 d	43.90 ± 0.03 c
Analysis of variance
Cultivar (C)		**	ns	**	ns	**	*
Treatment (T)		**	ns	**	**	**	**
C × T		ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

Cultivar	Treatment	Grain length (mm)	Grain width (mm)	Length-width ratio
Yangdao 6	NT	9.33 ± 0.09 a	2.78 ± 0.03 b	3.36 ± 0.05 a
Yangdao 6	HTS	8.78 ± 0.07 b	2.70 ± 0.05 b	3.25 ± 0.06 b
Jinxiangyu 1	NT	6.97 ± 0.06 c	3.52 ± 0.06 a	1.98 ± 0.04 c
Jinxiangyu 1	HTS	6.64 ± 0.05 d	3.47 ± 0.15 a	1.92 ± 0.08 c
Analysis of variance
Cultivar (C)		**	**	**
Treatment (T)		**	ns	**
C × T		**	ns	ns

Cultivar	Treatment	Grain length (mm)	Grain width (mm)	Length-width ratio
Yangdao 6	NT	9.33 ± 0.09 a	2.78 ± 0.03 b	3.36 ± 0.05 a
Yangdao 6	HTS	8.78 ± 0.07 b	2.70 ± 0.05 b	3.25 ± 0.06 b
Jinxiangyu 1	NT	6.97 ± 0.06 c	3.52 ± 0.06 a	1.98 ± 0.04 c
Jinxiangyu 1	HTS	6.64 ± 0.05 d	3.47 ± 0.15 a	1.92 ± 0.08 c
Analysis of variance
Cultivar (C)		**	**	**
Treatment (T)		**	ns	**
C × T		**	ns	ns

Cultivar	Treatment	No. of primary branches per panicle			No. of secondary branches per panicle					Panicle length (cm)
Cultivar	Treatment	Differentiated	Degenerated	Surviving	Differentiated	Degenerated	Surviving			Panicle length (cm)
Yangdao 6	NT	11.0 ± 0.1 b	0.0 ± 0.1 c	11.0 ± 0.1 b	47.5 ± 1.8 a	13.8 ± 0.9 b	33.7 ± 1.7 a	23.4 ± 1.0 a
	HTS	11.5 ± 0.2 b	0.1 ± 0.1 bc	11.4 ± 0.1 b	44.2 ± 2.0 a	15.3 ± 0.7 b	29.0 ± 2.6 b	21.4 ± 0.7 b
Jinxiangyu 1	NT	12.8 ± 0.1 a	0.3 ± 0.0 b	12.5 ± 0.1 a	39.4 ± 0.4 b	17.5 ± 0.3 a	21.3 ± 0.5 c	16.1 ± 0.2 c
	HTS	13.1 ± 0.2 a	0.7 ± 0.2 a	12.4 ± 0.4 a	36.0 ± 0.4 b	18.1 ± 0.4 a	18.5 ± 0.7 c	14.4 ± 0.1 d
Analysis of variance
Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**		**
Treatment (T)		*	*	ns	*	*	*		**
C × T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		ns