过刊目录

2009年, 第16卷, 第4期
刊出日期：2009-12-28 上一期    下一期
---
研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报


全全选选:

导出引用 EndNote Ris BibTeX

隐藏/显示图片

研究报告

Select

Rapid Construction of a High-Density Rice Linkage Map by High Efficiency Genome Scanning (HEGS) System Akifumi SHIMIZU, Shinji KAWASAKI 2009, 16(4): 247-253 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60087-6 摘要 ( )   PDF   High-density linkage maps are essential tools for genome analysis of various biological traits. Our developed compact multi-gel system, HEGS (high efficiency genome scanning) is a high-throughput and high-cost-performance electrophoresis apparatus. Using this system, a high-density (average interval 2.3 cM) map with 1 065 AFLP and 63 SSR markers was constructed from recombinant inbred lines of a japonica and indica hybrid in just two months of electrophoreses by a single person. More than 50% of the mapped AFLP markers were commonly polymorphic for several combinations between japonica and indica rice and 15% were applicable for genetically closer crosses between upland and lowland types of japonica rice. This system can be used for rapid analyses of all kinds of markers.

Select

Efficiencies of Generating Selectable Marker-Free Transgenic Rice with Different Transformation Methods YU Heng-xiu, LU Mei-fang, CHEN Xiu-hua, GONG Zhi-yun, LIU Qiao-quan, GU Ming-hong 2009, 16(4): 254-260 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60088-8 摘要 ( )   PDF   To study the efficiency of generating selectable marker-free (SMF) transgenic rice, two transformation methods were employed for four rice varieties (Wuxiangjing 9, Longtefu, Xieqingzao and Zhenshan 97). One method is by using a single twin T-DNA binary vector pYH592 in one Agrobacterium strain, which is composed of two separate T-DNA regions (one carrying an antisense Wx gene and the other carrying a HPT gene). The other one, named as two-strain/ two-vector system, is by using two separate binary vectors in two separate Agrobacterium cultures. The results indicated that the average co-transformation frequencies of the antisense Wx gene and the HPT gene were 10.1% and 45.0%, respectively, for the four rice varieties. And the SMF transgenic plants selected from the offsprings of co-transformants were 55.6% and 60.0% in the two-strain/two-vector and twin T-DNA vector binary systems, respectively.

Select

Construction of Near Isogenic Lines for Pericarp Color and Evaluation on Their Near isogenicity in Rice WANG Xiao-guang, JI Zhi-juan, CAI Jing, MA Liang-yong, LI Xi-ming, YANG Chang-deng 2009, 16(4): 261-266 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60089-X 摘要 ( )   PDF   The inheritance of purple pericarp was studied through genetic analysis using F2, BC1F1 and F3 from a cross between a purple pericarp rice variety Zixiangnuo and a white pericarp rice variety Chunjiangnuo 2. Seven pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) for pericarp color of rice were further constructed. Genetic analysis indicated that the purple pericarp was controlled by two complementary genes (Pb and Pp). Agronomic trait analysis and polymorphism analysis using SSR markers on these seven pairs of NILs were used in the evaluation of near-isogenicity. No significant differences in agronomic traits were found except 1000-grain weight between the NILs. The polymorphic SSR markers for the parents were only detected in target segments of the five pairs of NILs different in Pb, which revealed the ideal near isogenicity of them. However, for the two pairs of NILs different in Pp, the polymorphic markers for the two parents were detected as well as in non-targeted segments of chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively.

Select

Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A, a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line XIAO Yu-long, YU Chuan-yuan, LEI Jian-guo, LI Ma-zhong, JIANG Lin, WAN Jian-min 2009, 16(4): 267-273 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60090-6 摘要 ( )   PDF   Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines (NILs) EG0 to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65Eb, T65Ebm, T65m, NIL(Hd1) and NIL(Hd4). Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1u on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1uSe-1uEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E1 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

Select

Comparative Effects of Salt Stress and Extreme pH Stress Combined on Glycinebetaine Accumulation, Photosynthetic Abilities and Growth Characters of Two Rice Genotypes Suriyan CHA-UM, Kanyaratt SUPAIBULWATTANA, Chalermpol KIRDMANEE 2009, 16(4): 274-282 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60091-8 摘要 ( )   PDF   Glycinebetaine (Glybet) accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency and growth performance in indica rice cultivated under salt stress and extreme pH stress were investigated. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and Glybet accumulation in the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice varieties grown under saline and acidic conditions peaked after treatment for 72 h and 96 h, respectively, and were higher than those grown under neutral pH and alkaline salt stress. A positive correlation was found between BADH activity and Glybet content in both salt-tolerant (r2=0.71) and salt-sensitive (r2=0.86) genotypes. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids contents in the stressed seedlings significantly decreased under both acidic and alkaline stresses, especially in the salt-sensitive genotype. Similarly, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (PSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the stressed seedlings were inhibited, leading to overall growth reduction. The positive correlations between chlorophyll a content and Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content and PSII, PSII and Pn as well as Pn and leaf area in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes were found. Saline acidic and saline alkaline soils may play a key role affecting vegetative growth prior to the reproductive stage in rice plants.

Select

Cd Toxicity and Accumulation in Rice Plants Vary with Soil Nitrogen Status and Their Genotypic Difference can be Partly Attributed to Nitrogen Uptake Capacity DU Qin, CHEN Ming-xue, ZHOU Rong, CHAO Zhao-yun, ZHU Zhi-wei, SHAO Guo-sheng, WANG Guang-ming 2009, 16(4): 283-291 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60092-X 摘要 ( )   PDF   Two indica rice genotypes, viz. Milyang 46 and Zhenshan 97B differing in Cd accumulation and tolerance were used as materials in a hydroponic system consisting of four Cd levels (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 µmol/L) and three N levels (23.2, 116.0 and 232.0 mg/L) to study the effects of nitrogen status and nitrogen uptake capacity on Cd accumulation and tolerance in rice plants. N-efficient rice genotype, Zhenshan 97B, accumulated less Cd and showed higher Cd tolerance than N-inefficient rice genotype, Milyang 46. There was consistency between nitrogen uptake capacity and Cd tolerance in rice plants. Increase of N level in solution slightly increased Cd concentration in shoots but significantly increased in roots of both genotypes. Compared with the control at low N level, Cd tolerance in both rice genotypes could be significantly enhanced under normal N level, but no significant difference was observed between the Cd tolerances under normal N (116.0 mg/L) and high N (232.0 mg/L) conditions. The result proved that genotypic differences in Cd accumulation and toxicity could be, at least in part, attributed to N uptake capacity in rice plants.

Select

A Method for Upscaling Genetic Parameters of CERES-Rice in Regional Applications JIANG Min, JIN Zhi-qing 2009, 16(4): 292-300 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60093-1 摘要 ( )   PDF   To upscale the genetic parameters of CERES-Rice in regional applications, Jiangsu Province, the second largest rice producing province in China, was taken as an example. The province was divided into four rice regions with different rice variety types, and five to six sites in each region were selected. Then the eight genetic parameters of CERES-Rice, particularly the four parameters related to the yield, were modified and validated using the Trial and Error Method and the local statistical data of rice yield at a county level from 2001 to 2004, combined with the regional experiments of rice varieties in the province as well as the local meteorological and soil data (Method 1). The simulated results of Method 1 were compared with those of other three traditional methods upscaling the genetic parameters, i.e., using one-site experimental data from a local representative rice variety (Method 2), using local long-term rice yield data at a county level after deducting the trend yield due to progress of science and technology (Method 3), and using rice yield data at a super scale, such as provincial, ecological zone, country or continent levels (Method 4). The results showed that the best fitness was obtained by using the Method 1. The coefficients of correlation between the simulated yield and the statistical yield in the Method 1 were significant at 0.05 or 0.01 levels and the root mean squared error (RMSE) values were less than 9% for all the four rice regions. The method for upscaling the genetic parameters of CERES-Rice presented is not only valuable for the impact studies of climate change, but also favorable to provide a methodology for reference in crop model applications to the other regional studies.

Select

Effects of Temperature, Humidity and Different Rice Growth Stages on Vertical Migration of Aphelenchoides besseyi SUN Min-jie, LIU Wei-hong, LIN Mao-song 2009, 16(4): 301-306 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60094-3 摘要 ( )   PDF   The vertical migration of Aphelenchoides besseyi under different temperatures and humidities and at different rice growth stages was investigated. It was found that the optimum temperature for the development and reproduction of A. besseyi was 25–30°C. At the same temperature, the rate of vertical migration increased with rising relative humidity. Artificial inoculation tests showed that at the elongation stage, nematodes survived mainly on the upper and middle parts of rice culms, and the number of nematodes decreased by 50% at 20 days after inoculation compared with that at 5 days after inoculation. Whereas at the booting stage, nematodes accumulated in young panicles and reproduced quickly, and the average number of nematodes at 20 days after inoculation increased to 164.5, three times of that at 5 days after inoculation.

Select

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in Upland Rice as Influenced by Agrochemical Application Velu RAJESHKANNAN, Chettipalayam Samiappan SUMATHI, Sellamuthu MANIAN 2009, 16(4): 307-313 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60095-5 摘要 ( )   PDF   Mycorrhizal status of rice under upland conditions was studied using potted seedlings. Percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization varied between 17.35% and 37.18% over an age series of 7 to 70 days old rice plants. AMF root colonization was increased up to 35–42 days, beyond which the root colonization steadily declined. The vesicles appeared after two weeks and reached their maximum intensity on the 35th day. The arbuscules were formed late on the 42nd day (2.93%) and slightly varied up to the 70th day (3.03%). Higher dosage of urea application suppressed plant growth whereas the superphosphate treatment had no marked impact on plant growth. Generally, application of these agrochemicals registered less influence on the hyphal colonization of AMF in rice plants, whereas arbuscular colonization was adversely affected by higher dosages of fertilizers. There were pronounced decreases in both the plant growth and their AMF colonization due to the application of systemic fungicides, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl. The application of single sprays of fungicides was less deleterious over multiple sprays.

综述与专论

Select

Molecular Basis and Regulation of Ammonium Transporter in Rice LI Bao-zhen, Mike MERRICK, LI Su-mei, LI Hong-ying, ZHU Shu-wen, SHI Wei-ming, SU Yan-hua 2009, 16(4): 314-322 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60096-7 摘要 ( )   PDF   Rice grows in flooded paddy fields and takes up ammonium as the preferred nitrogen (N) source. Ammonium uptake is facilitated by a family of integral membrane proteins known as ammonium transporters found in all domains of life. However, the molecular mechanism and functional characteristics of the ammonium transporters (AMT) in rice have not been determined in detail yet. In this review, we report a genome-wide search for AMT genes in rice, resulting in the increase of the number of potential AMT proteins to at least 12, including members of both the alpha and beta sub-groups. Analysis of the predicted protein sequences for the 12 OsAMT proteins identified many conserved phosphorylation sites in both the alpha and beta group members, which could potentially play a role in controlling the activity of the transporters. Present knowledge of the expression of rice AMT genes is also summarized in detail. Future studies should focus on the structural and functional characteristics of OsAMT proteins to provide insight into the mechanism of ammonium uptake and its regulation in rice. Such research could improve utilization and decrease wastage of N fertilizer in rice cultivation.

研究简报

Select

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Rice Tiller Angle Mutant tac2 FANG Li-kui, SANG Xian-chun, YANG Zheng-lin, LIN Ying-hua, WAN Nan, HE Guang-hua 2009, 16(4): 323-326 .  DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60097-9 摘要 ( )   PDF   Tiller angle, a very essential agronomic trait, is significant in rice breeding, especially in plant type breeding. A tiller angle controlling 2 (tac2) mutant was obtained from a restorer line Jinhui 10 by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. The tac2 mutant displayed normal phenotype at the seedling stage and the tiller angle significantly increased at the tillering stage. A preliminary physiological research indicated that the mutant was sensitive to GA. Thus, it is speculated that TAC2 and TAC1 might control the tiller angle in the same way. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a major recessive gene and was located on chromosome 9 using SSR markers. The genetic distances between TAC2 and its nearest markers RM3320 and RM201 were 19.2 cM and 16.7 cM, respectively.